In this blog post, we present a comprehensive set of agrometeorology objective questions designed to aid your study and preparation. These questions cover a wide range of topics, including climate-smart agriculture, weather forecasting, crop-climate interactions, and the impact of extreme weather events on farming. By engaging with these questions, you’ll be better equipped to tackle exams, enhance your practical skills, and contribute to the advancement of sustainable agriculture.
Q1. What is the study of the envelope of air surrounding the planet and the phenomena associated with the atmosphere called?
A1. This study is known as Meteorology.
Q2. What term describes the weather condition over a specific region for an extended period?
A2. This is referred to as Climate.
Q3. How is “Weather” defined?
A3. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
Q4. What is the origin of the term “Monsoon”?
A4. The term “Monsoon” originates from the Arabic language.
Q5. What is the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth called?
A5. This gaseous envelope is known as the Atmosphere.
Q6. What is the ultimate source of energy on Earth?
A6. The Sun is the ultimate source of energy on Earth.
Q7. What is the mean distance between Earth and the Sun?
A7. The mean distance is approximately 1.5 x 10⁸ kilometers.
Q8. What is the approximate temperature on the Sun’s surface?
A8. The surface temperature of the Sun is around 6000°C.
Q9. Who is credited with the discovery of solar energy?
A9. Auguste Mouchout is credited with discovering solar energy.
Q10. Which radiation in sunlight is responsible for the sensation of heat?
A10. Infrared radiation is responsible for the sensation of heat.
Q11. Which solar radiation is known to cause skin cancer?
A11. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin cancer.
Q12. Which gases make up approximately 99% of the atmosphere by volume?
A12. Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide make up about 99% of the atmosphere.
Q13. What is the concentration of CO₂ in the air and soil?
A13. The concentration is about 0.030% in air and 0.25% in soil.
Q14. What percentage of solar radiation reaches Earth’s surface?
A14. Approximately 50% of solar radiation reaches Earth.
Q15. Who was the first scientist to classify climates?
A15. De Condole attempted the first systematic climate classification in 1900.
Q16. How did Köppen and Thornthwaite classify climate?
A16. They based their classification on annual rainfall and evaporation.
Q17. How did Troll classify climate?
A17. Troll’s classification was based on the number of humid months and temperature.
Q18. Which instrument records almost all meteorological data at specified intervals?
A18. An Automatic Weather Station records nearly all meteorological data.
Q19. What is the value of the solar constant?
A19. The solar constant is 1.94 calories per square centimeter per minute.
Q20. What is “Albedo”?
A20. Albedo is the fraction of solar energy reflected back into space by Earth.
Q21. On what basis is the atmosphere’s structure divided into layers?
A21. The structure is divided based on vertical temperature differences.
Q22. In which atmospheric layer do most weather phenomena, such as rain, fog, and clouds, occur?
A22. Most weather phenomena occur in the Troposphere.
Q23. What is the closest and densest layer of the atmosphere?
A23. The Troposphere, which extends from 8 to 18 km above Earth’s surface, is the closest and densest layer.
Q24. In which atmospheric layer is the ozone layer located?
A24. The ozone layer is located in the Stratosphere, at an altitude between 20 and 48 km.
Q25. Which atmospheric layer is known as the coldest region?
A25. The Mesosphere is recognized as the coldest region in the atmosphere.
Q26. In which atmospheric layer is radio transmission found?
A26. Radio transmission is found in the Ionosphere zone.
Q27. Which atmospheric layer is referred to as the gas-less zone?
A27. The Thermosphere (above 80 km height) is considered the gas-less zone.
Q28. What causes the blue color of the sky and the red color of the sunset?
A28. The blue color of the sky and the red color of the sunset are due to Dispersion.
Q29. What is the wavelength of visible solar radiation?
A29. The wavelength of visible solar radiation ranges from 0.39 to 0.7 micrometers (µm).
Q30. What wavelength, longer than which, is not visible to the human eye and is classified as infrared?
A30. Wavelengths longer than 750 nm are not visible to the human eye and are classified as infrared.
Q31. How is atmospheric pressure defined?
A31. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the carbon in air at any given place and time.
Q32. What is the mean sea level pressure?
A32. The mean sea level pressure is 1013.25 millibars.
Q33. What is wind?
A33. Wind is the air blowing at a given point.
Q34. What are the surface winds called north of the equator?
A34. The surface winds north of the equator are called Northeast trade winds.
Q35. How is wind direction determined?
A35. Wind direction is determined with the help of a wind vane.
Q36. What type of energy is used by wind turbines?
A36. Wind turbines use kinetic energy.
Q37. How does heat flow in solids/soil?
A37. Heat flow in solids/soil mainly occurs through conduction.
Q38. How does heat flow in liquids/water?
A38. Heat flow in liquids/water occurs through convection.
Q39. How does heat flow in air?
A39. Heat flow in air occurs through radiation.
Q40. How is evaporation measured?
A40. Evaporation is measured using an evaporimeter.
Q41. How is wind pressure measured?
A41. Wind pressure is measured using the Beaufort scale.
Q42. How is atmospheric pressure measured?
A42. Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer.
Q43. How is relative humidity (RH) measured?
A43. Relative humidity (RH) is measured using a hygrometer or psychrometer.
Q44. How is total incoming solar radiation measured?
A44. Total incoming solar radiation is measured using a pyranometer.
Q45. How is evapotranspiration measured?
A45. Evapotranspiration is measured using a lysimeter.
Q46. What is the purpose of combining a dry bulb and a wet bulb thermometer?
A46. The combination of dry bulb and wet bulb thermometers is used to measure relative humidity.
Q47. How is rainfall measured?
A47. Rainfall is measured using a raingauge.
Q48. Which instrument is used for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) under field conditions?
A48. The can evaporimeter is used for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) under field conditions.
Q49. Which instrument records continuous temperature?
A49. Continuous temperature is recorded by a thermograph.
Q50. Which instrument records temperature without making contact with the object?
A50. Temperature is recorded without contact using an infrared thermometer.
Q51. Which instrument is used to measure the concentration of ozone in the air?
A51. The concentration of ozone in the air is measured using an ozonometer.
Q52. What is the term for an imaginary line that represents equal temperature?
A52. The imaginary line that represents equal temperature is called an isotherm.
Q53. What are lines of equal pressure called?
A53. Lines of equal pressure are called isobars.
Q54. What are lines of equal rainfall called?
A54. Lines of equal rainfall are called isohyets.
Q55. What are lines of equal cloud cover called?
A55. Lines of equal cloud cover are called isonephs.
Q56. What is the optimum temperature range for better crop production?
A56. The optimum temperature for better crop production is between 18°C and 24°C.
Q57. When is the lowest temperature of the day typically observed?
A57. The lowest temperature of the day is usually observed just before sunrise.
Q58. What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate in the troposphere?
A58. The dry adiabatic lapse rate in the troposphere is 6.5°C per kilometer.
Q59. What is the formula for calculating relative humidity (RH)?
A59. The formula for calculating Relative Humidity (RH) is:
R.H. = vapour pressure/saturation vapour pressure × 100
Q60. Which monsoon contributes 75% of the total rainfall in India?
A60. The Southwest Monsoon contributes 75% of the total rainfall in India.
Q61. What is the date of onset of the Monsoon in India?
A61. The Monsoon in India typically begins on 1st June.
Q62. What is the date of withdrawal of the Monsoon in India?
A62. The Monsoon in India generally withdraws on 31st September.
Q63. What is the average annual rainfall of India?
A63. The average annual rainfall in India is approximately 400 Mha-m.
Q64. How is a day defined when 2.5 mm or more of rain is received?
A64. A day on which 2.5 mm or more of rain is received is classified as a rainy day.
Q65. What is the average size of a raindrop?
A65. The average size of a raindrop is about 2 mm in diameter.
Q66. What is atmospheric water referred to as?
A66. Atmospheric water is known as green water.
Q67. What is soil water referred to as?
A67. Soil water is referred to as blue water.
Q68. Which types of clouds are known as rainy clouds?
A68. Nimbostratus and Cumulonimbus clouds are known as rainy clouds.
Q69. Which cloud types give heavy and continuous precipitation?
A69. Cumulonimbus clouds are known for giving heavy and continuous precipitation.
Q70. What is an aggregation of minute drops of water suspended in the air at higher altitudes called?
A70. An aggregation of minute drops of water suspended in the air at higher altitudes is called clouds.
Q71. What unit is used to record clouds?
A71. The unit used to record clouds is Okta.
Q72. What chemical is used for cold cloud seeding?
A72. Silver iodide (AgI2) is used for cold cloud seeding.
Q73. What chemical is used for warm cloud seeding?
A73. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is used for warm cloud seeding.
Q74. Where is the Indian Meteorological Organization (IMD) situated?
A74. The Indian Meteorological Organization (IMD) is situated in Pune (established in 1932).
Q75. What is the phenomenon of warming in the eastern Pacific known as?
A75. The phenomenon of warming in the eastern Pacific is known as El Niño.
Q76. What is the phenomenon of cooling in the eastern Pacific known as?
A76. The phenomenon of cooling in the eastern Pacific is known as La Niña.
Q77. Which surface has the least albedo?
A77. Moist black soil has the least albedo.
Q78. What is considered an engine of desertification?
A78. Drought is considered an engine of desertification.
Q79. What is a period of four consecutive weeks from May to mid-October, or six consecutive weeks during the rest of the year, called?
A79. This period is referred to as agricultural drought.
Q80. Which index is widely used for the classification of droughts?
A80. The Palmer Drought Index is widely used for classifying droughts.
Q81. What branch of science involves the collection and interpretation of information about a target without being in physical contact with it?
A81. The branch of science that involves the collection and interpretation of information without physical contact is called Remote Sensing.
Q82. Where is the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) situated?
A82. The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) is situated in Hyderabad.
Q83. For what duration is medium-range weather forecasting done?
A83. Medium-range weather forecasting is done for a period of 3 to 10 days.
Q84. Which forecast helps in planning cropping patterns?
A84. Long-range weather forecasts help in planning cropping patterns.
Q85. According to the Planning Commission, how many agro-climatic zones are there in India?
A85. According to the Planning Commission, there are 15 agro-climatic zones in India.
Q86. According to NBSSLUP, how many agro-ecological regions are there in India?
A86. According to NBSSLUP, there are 21 agro-ecological regions in India.
Q87. What is the relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit units of temperature?
A87. The relationship between Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F) is given by the formula:
C/5=F-32/9
Q88. What is the natural warming process involving the interaction of sunlight and carbon dioxide and other gases from the atmosphere?
A88. The natural warming process is known as the Greenhouse Effect.
Q89. Which three greenhouse gases are most common?
A89. The three most common greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O).
Q90. Which greenhouse gas is chiefly responsible for global warming?
A90. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the chief greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, accounting for approximately 50%.
Q91. Which greenhouse gas is linked with rice crops?
A91. Methane (CH₄) is the greenhouse gas linked with rice crops.
Q92. Which gas is responsible for ozone depletion?
A92. Chlorofluorocarbons (CF₂Cl₂) are responsible for ozone depletion.
Q93. Which substance is a substitute for CFCs?
A93. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are a substitute for CFCs.
Q94. What chemicals are most commonly found in acid precipitation?
A94. Sulfuric acid and nitric acid are most commonly found in acid precipitation.
Q95. What is the pH of normal rainwater?
A95. Normal rainwater is slightly acidic, with a pH of about 5.6.
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