BSc Agriculture sixth semester notes pdf – There are total 11 courses in BSc Agriculture 6th semester. All of the notes are given below click on the link to download the notes pdf.
About BSc Agriculture
BSc Agriculture is an undergraduate four years program divided into eight semesters focused on the science and practice of farming and crop production. It covers a range of topics including soil science, plant biology, pest management, and agricultural economics. This degree prepares students for careers in farming, agribusiness, research, and environmental management, combining theoretical knowledge with practical skills to address global food security and sustainable agricultural practices.
BSc Agriculture 6th notes pdf download
| Rainfed Agriculture & Watershed Management | Download |
| Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture | Download |
| Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-II | Download |
| Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables | Download |
| Management of Beneficial Insects | Download |
| Crop Improvement-II (Rabi crops) | Download |
| Practical Crop Production –II (Rabi crops) | Download |
| Principles of Organic Farming | Download |
| Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics | Download |
| Principles of Food Science and Nutrition | Download |
| Elective Course | Download |
BSc Agriculture 1st Semester Notes Download
BSc Agriculture Second Semester Notes Download
BSc Agriculture 3rd semester Notes Download
BSc Agriculture 4th semester Notes Download
BSc Agriculture 5th semester Notes Download
BSc Agriculture 6th semester Notes Download
BSc Agriculture 6th semester syllabus
Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management 2(1+1)
Theory
Rainfed agriculture: Introduction, types, History of rainfed agriculture & watershed in India; Problems and prospects of rainfed agriculture in India ; Soil and climatic conditions
prevalent in rainfed areas; Drought: types, effect of water deficit on physio- morphological characteristics of the plants, Mechanism of crop adaptation under moisture deficit
condition; Water harvesting: importance, its techniques, Efficient utilization of water through soil and crop management practices, Management of crops in rainfed areas,
Contingent crop planning for aberrant weather conditions, Concept, objective, principles and components of watershed management, factors affecting watershed management.
Practical
Studies on climate classification, studies on rainfall pattern in rainfed areas of the country and pattern of onset and withdrawal of monsoons. Studies on cropping pattern of
different dry land areas in the country and demarcation of dry land area on map of India. Interpretation of meteorological data and scheduling of supplemental irrigation on the
basis of evapo-transpiration demand of crops. Critical analysis of rainfall and possible drought period in the country, effective rainfall and its calculation. Studies on cultural
practices viz; mulching, plant density, depth of sowing, thinning and leaf removal for mitigating moisture stress. Characterization and delineation of model watershed. Field
demonstration on soil & moisture conservation measures. Field demonstration on construction of water harvesting structures. Visit to rainfed research station/watershed.
Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture 2(1+1)
Theory
Green house technology: Introduction, Types of Green Houses; Plant response to Green house environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of green house
for cooling and heating purposes. Green house equipments, materials of construction for traditional and low cost green houses. Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, typical
applications, passive solar green house, hot air green house heating systems, green house drying. Cost estimation and economic analysis.
Important Engineering properties such as physical, thermal and aero & hydrodynamic properties of cereals, pulses and oilseed, their application in PHT equipment design and
operation. Drying and dehydration; moisture measurement, EMC, drying theory, various drying method, commercial grain dryer (deep bed dryer, flat bed dryer, tray dryer, fluidized
bed dryer, recirculatory dryer and solar dryer). Material handling equipment; conveyer and elevators, their principle, working and selection.
Practical
Study of different type of green houses based on shape. Determine the rate of air exchange in an active summer winter cooling system. Determination of drying rate of
agricultural products inside green house. Study of green house equipments. Visit to various Post Harvest Laboratories. Determination of Moisture content of various grains by
oven drying & infrared moisture methods. Determination of engineering properties (shape and size, bulk density and porosity of biomaterials). Determination of Moisture content
of various grains by moisture meter. Field visit to seed processing plant.
Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-II 3(2+1)
Theory
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of following diseases:
Field Crops:
Wheat: rusts, loose sts, loose smut, karnal bunt, powdery mildew, alternaria blight, and ear cockle;
Sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting.
Sunflower: Sclerotinia stem rot and Alternaria blight; Mustard: Alternaria blight, white rust, downy mildew and Sclerotinia stem rot; Gram: wilt, grey mould and Ascochyta blight;
Lentil: rust and wilt; Cotton: anthracnose, vascular wilt, and black arm; Pea: downy mildew, powdery mildew and rust. Horticultural Crops: Mango: anthracnose,
malformation, bacterial blight and powdery mildew; Citrus: canker and gummosis; Grape vine: downy mildew, Powdery mildew and anthracnose; Apple: scab, powdery mildew, fire blight and crown gall; Peach: leaf curl. Strawberry: leaf spot Potato: early and late blight, black scurf, leaf roll, and mosaic; Cucurbits: downy mildew, powdery mildew, wilt;Onion and garlic: purple blotch, and Stemphylium blight;Chillies: anthracnose and fruit rot, wilt and leaf curl;Turmeric: leaf spot
Coriander: stem gallMarigold: Botrytis blight; Rose: dieback, powdery mildew and black leaf spot.
Practical
Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory. Field visit for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and
preservation of plant diseased specimens for herbarium.
Note: Students should submit 50 pressed and well-mounted specimens.
Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables2(1+1)
Theory
Importance of fruits and vegetables, extent and possible causes of post harvest losses; Pre-harvest factors affecting postharvest quality, maturity, ripening and changes
occurring during ripening; Respiration and factors affecting respiration rate; Role of ethylene; Post harvest disease and disorders; Heat, chilling and freezing injury; Harvesting
and field handling; Storage (ZECC, cold storage, CA, MA, and hypobaric); Value addition concept; Principles and methods of preservation; Intermediate moisture food- Jam, jelly, marmalade, preserve, candy – Concepts and Standards; Fermented and non-fermented beverages. Tomato products- Concepts and Standards; Drying/ Dehydration of fruits and
vegetables – Concept and methods, osmotic drying. Canning -– Concepts and Standards, packaging of products.
Practical
Applications of different types of packaging containers for shelf life extension. Effect of temperature on shelf life and quality of produce. Demonstration of chilling and freezing
injury in vegetables and fruits. Extraction and preservation of pulps and juices. Preparation of jam, jelly, RTS, nectar, squash, osmotically dried products, fruit bar and candy and
tomato products, canned products. Quality evaluation of products — physico-chemical and sensory. Visit to processing unit/ industry.
Management of Beneficial Insects: 2(1+1)
Theory
Importance of beneficial Insects, Beekeeping, pollinating plant and their cycle, bee biology, commercial methods of rearing, equipment used, seasonal management, bee
enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Insect pests and diseases of honey bee.
Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Rearing, mounting and
harvesting of cocoons. Pest and diseases of silkworm, management, rearing appliances of mulberry silkworm and methods of disinfection.
Species of lac insect, morphology, biology, host plant, lac production – seed lac, button lac, shellac, lac- products. Identification of major parasitoids and predators commonly
being used in biological control.
Insect orders bearing predators and parasitoids used in pest control and their mass multiplication techniques. Important species of pollinator, weed killers and scavengers with
their importance.
Practical
Honey bee species, castes of bees. Beekeeping appliances and seasonal management, bee enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Types of
silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Species of lac insect, host plant
identification. Identification of other important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions devoted to beekeeping, sericulture, lac culture
and natural enemies.
Crop Improvement – II (Rabi) 2(1+1)
Theory
Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds; fodder crops and cash crops; vegetable and horticultural crops; Plant genetic
resources, its utilization and conservation; Floral biology, study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters; Important concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross
pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops; Major breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches for development of hybrids
and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional); Seed production technology in self pollinated, cross
pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops. Hybrid seed production technology of rabi crops.
Ideotype concept and climate resilient crop varieties for future.
Practical
Emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species namely Wheat, Oat, Barley, Chickpea, Lentil, Field pea, Rapeseed Mustard, Sunflower, Potato, Berseem.
Sugarcane, Cowpea; Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for
seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study of quality
characters, study of donor parents for different characters; Visit to seed production plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops.
Practical Crop Production-II (Rabi Crops ) 2(0+2)
Practical
Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed, treatment, nursery raising, sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and
management of insect-pests diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing, drying winnowing, storage and marketing of produce. The emphasis will be given to seed production,
mechanization, resource conservation and integrated nutrient, insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance sheet including cost of cultivation, net
returns per student as well as per team of 8-10 students.
Principles of Organic Farming 2(1+1)
Theory
Organic farming, principles and its scope in India; Initiatives taken by Government (central/state), NGOs and other organizations for promotion of organic agriculture; Organic
ecosystem and their concepts; Organic nutrient resources and its fortification; Restrictions to nutrient use in organic farming; Choice of crops and varieties in organic farming;
Fundamentals of insect, pest, disease and weed management under organic mode of production; Operational structure of NPOP; Certification process and standards of organic
farming; Processing, leveling, economic considerations and viability, marketing and export potential of organic products.
Practical
Visit of organic farms to study the various components and their utilization; Preparation of enrich compost, vermicompost, bio-fertilizers/bio-inoculants and their quality
analysis; Indigenous technology knowledge (ITK) for nutrient, insect, pest disease and weed management; Cost of organic production system; Post harvest management;
Quality aspect, grading, packaging and handling.
Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics 2(1+1)
Theory
Meaning and concept of farm management, objectives and relationship with other sciences. Meaning and definition of farms, its types and characteristics, factor determining
types and size of farms. Principles of farm management: concept of production function and its type, use of production function in decision-making on a farm, factor-product,
factor-factor and product-product relationship, law of equi-marginal/or principles of opportunity cost and law of comparative advantage. Meaning and concept of cost, types of
costs and their interrelationship, importance of cost in managing farm business and estimation of gross farm income, net farm income, family labor income and farm business
income. Farm business analysis: meaning and concept of farm income and profitability, technical and economic efficiency measures in crop and livestock enterprises.
Importance of farm records and accounts in managing a farm, various types of farm records needed to maintain on farm, farm inventory, balance sheet, profit and loss
accounts. Meaning and importance of farm planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, steps in farm planning and budgeting-linear programming, appraisal of
farm resources, selection of crops and livestock’s enterprises. Concept of risk and uncertainty occurs in agriculture production, nature and sources of risks and its management
strategies, Crop/livestock/machinery insurance – weather based crop insurance, features, determinants of compensation. Concepts of resource economics, differences
between NRE and agricultural economics, unique properties of natural resources. Positive and negative externalities in agriculture, Inefficiency and welfare loss, solutions,
Important issues in economics and management of common property resources of land, water, pasture and forest resources etc.
Practical
Preparation of farm layout. Determinationof cost of fencing of a farm. Computation of depreciation cost of farm assets. Application of equi-marginal returns/opportunity cost
principle in allocation of farm resources. Determination of most profitable level of inputs use in a farm production process. Determination of least cost combination of inputs.
Selection of most profitable enterprise combination. Application of cost principles including CACP concepts in the estimation of cost of crop and livestock enterprises.
Preparation of farm plan and budget, farm records and accounts and profit & loss accounts. Collection and analysis of data on various resources in India.
Principles of Food Science and Nutrition2(2+0)
Theory
Concepts of Food Science (definitions, measurements, density, phase change, pH, osmosis, surface tension, colloidal systems etc.); Food composition and chemistry (water,
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, flavours, colours, miscellaneous bio actives, important reactions); Food microbiology (bacteria, yeast, moulds, spoilage of fresh
& processed foods, Production of fermented foods); Principles and methods of food processing and preservation (use of heat, low temperature, chemicals, radiation, drying
etc.); Food and nutrition, Malnutrition (over and under nutrition), nutritional disorders; Energy metabolism (carbohydrate, fat, proteins); Balanced/ modified diets, Menu planning,
New trends in food science and nutrition.
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